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Content Warning
Graphic Medical Images

This page contains real medical images from Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF) surgeries. The images are graphic and may be distressing to some viewers. They are provided for educational and clinical purposes only.

Please note:

Viewer discretion is strongly advised.

If you are under 18, pregnant, recovering from trauma, or easily disturbed by medical imagery, please do not proceed.

If you need support after viewing these images, contact local medical or counseling services.